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Ethereum Opcodes: A Comprehensive List
The Ethereum network is built on the Solidity programming language, which allows developers to create smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps) on top of the Ethereum blockchain. However, the underlying infrastructure also provides access to comprehensive information about the current opcodes used by the network.
In this article, we will provide an overview of the current opcodes available on Ethereum, including their definitions, types, and examples.
What are opcodes?
Opcodes are instructions that make up a transaction or contract function call on the Ethereum blockchain. They are essentially a set of binary code that represents the action performed by the program. In other words, opcodes are the “syntax” of Ethereum.
Ethereum Opcode Library
To access the current list of opcodes, you can use the following methods:
- Ethereum API: The official Ethereum API provides a list of available opcodes in the ethops module, which can be accessed using the ethops.getOpcodes() function.
- Solidity Code Snippets: Online resources such as Slideshare and GitHub provide code snippets that show the current opcodes that Solidity programs use on the network.
- Ethereum Blockchain Explorer: The Ethereum blockchain explorer provides a web interface where you can view the current opcodes for each block on the network.
Current Opcode List
Below are some of the currently available opcodes in Ethereum:
0x00: Initialize the state of the contract or smart contract
0x01: Call a contract or smart contract function
0x02: Set the value of a variable in a contract or smart contract
0x03: Get the value of a contract or smart contract variable
0x04: Jump to another block in the network
0x05: Unroll the opcode array
0x06: Call a function that checks if the condition is true
0x07: Call a function that checks if the condition is false
0x08: Get the number of arguments passed to the function
0x09: Set the number of arguments passed to the function
0x10: Get the hash of the block current
0x11: Get the timestamp of the current block
0x12: Get the current value of a contract variable or smart contract
0x13: Get the value of a contract or smart contract array element
Below is an example code snippet that uses Solidity to display a list of opcodes for all functions and variables:
hardness pragma ^0,8,0;
example contractContract {
function foo() public pure return (bool) {
return true;
}
function bar(uint256 a, uint256 b) public return (uint256) {
return a + b;
}
}
Using the Ethereum API "ethops" module to get a list of all function and variable opcodes:
hardness pragma ^0,8,0;
example contractContract {
function foo() public pure return (bool) {
return true;
}
function bar(uint256 a, uint256 b) public return (uint256) {
return a + b;
}
}
contractEthereumAPIExample {
function getOpcodes() public pure return (uint256[]) {
// Get a list of opcodes for all functions and variables
memory opcodes uint256[] = new uint256[](2);
opcodes[0] = 0x01; // foo()
opcodes[1] = 0x02; // bar(uint256a, uint256b)
return opcodes;
}
}
Please note that the "ethops.getOpcodes()" function will only display the opcodes used in the Solidity code of the contract being tested. Additionally, this list may not be complete and may change over time as new opcodes are added to the Ethereum network.
Conclusion
Ethereum opcodes provide a basic level of functionality for smart contracts and dApps on the blockchain.
